Items of № 12-2025
Integrating DFTN with MIMO for spectral efficiency enhancement in next-generation wireless networks
M.G. Bakulin, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), associate professor, Ph.D.; m.g.bakulin@gmail.com
V.B. Kreyndelin, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); vitkrend@gmail.com
A.A. Reznev, MTUCI, associate professor, JSC NTC Atlas, deputy director, Ph.D.; andrey.reznev@gmail.com
УДК 621.396
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.001
Abstract. This paper investigates spectral efficiency enhancement in 5G/6G mobile systems by integrating Discrete Faster-Than-Nyquist (DFTN) signaling with MIMO techniques. Two architectures are proposed: (1) simple DFTN-MIMO spatial multiplexing, where DFTN is applied in parallel to antenna streams, and (2) DFTN combined with a block-wise Alamouti STBC scheme to simultaneously improve spectral and energy efficiency. Simulation under Rayleigh fading with QPSK and iterative turbo reception shows that a 25% increase in symbol density maintains BER/FER performance close to conventional MIMO. At 50% density gain, a moderate SNR penalty (~1.5 dB) is observed, which diminishes at high SNR. Optimization of DFTN matrices shows limited benefit in MIMO due to channel non-orthogonality. Results confirm the viability of DFTN-MIMO integration for future networks, enabling 25–50% spectral efficiency gains without bandwidth expansion, particularly for eMBB and mMTC scenarios.
Keywords: spectral efficiency, DFTN, MIMO, spatial multiplexing, STBC, 5G, 6G, simulation.
For citation: Bakulin, M.G. Integrating DFTN with MIMO for spectral efficiency enhancement in next-generation wireless networks / M.G. Bakulin, V.B. Kreyndelin, A.A. Reznev // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 2-11. (in russian)
Quasi-coherent detection of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying signals
А.V. Shuvalov, JSC NIIKP, head of department, Ph.D.; A_shuvalov@mail.ru
D.S. Rogachev, JSC NIIKP, head of a group; Rogachev_DS@orkkniikp.ru
УДК 621.396
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.002
Abstract. This paper presents a synthesis algorithm for reference signal extraction designed for Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying (CPFSK) signals with an arbitrary modulation index below unity. A key feature of this algorithm is that its derivation is independent of the modulation index. This enables the reception of frequency-modulated signals with a modulation index of m=0.7. As a result, this method can reduce the energy losses inherent in receiving such signals compared to conventional non-coherent detection techniques.
Keywords: modulation index, quasi-coherent detection, space telemetry, reference signal, reference oscillator, control signal, signal phase, Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying (CPFSK)
For citation: Shuvalov, А.V. Quasi-coherent detection of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying signals / А.V. Shuvalov, D.S. Rogachev // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 12-17. (in russian)
Analysis of signal parameter estimation accuracy for M-QAM in the presence of atmospheric noise using the method of moments, mean least squares method, and nonlinear filtering
S.A. Zharkikh, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), postgraduate; zharkih-sergey@mail.ru
N.E. Poborchaya, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); n.poborchaya@mail.ru
УДК 621.395
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.003
Abstract. The paper presents an analysis of the estimation accuracy for the amplitude, phase, and frequency offset of an M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signal for different values of [M] in the presence of an additive mixture of white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and atmospheric interference. The atmospheric interference is modeled by a lognormal amplitude distribution and a uniform phase distribution. The unknown signal parameters were estimated under the assumption of known M-QAM symbols using the method of moments (median-based), the extended Kalman filter, and the least squares method. Experimental dependencies of the root mean square error (RMSE) of amplitude, phase, and frequency offset estimates on the sample size were obtained for fixed signal-to-interference and signal-to-noise ratios.
Keywords: method of moments, median, modified least squares method, Taylor approximation, M-QAM signal, parameter estimation.
For citation: Zharkikh, S.A. Analysis of signal parameter estimation accuracy for M-QAM in the presence of atmospheric noise using the method of moments, mean least squares method, and nonlinear filtering / S.A. Zharkikh, N.E. Poborchaya // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 18-25. (in russian)
Security threat models for Diameter signaling networks
I.B. Saenko, Saint Petersburg’s branch of The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), senior researcher, Military Telecommunication Academy, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); ibsaen@mail.ru
A.V. Ermakov, M.K. Ammosov’s North-Eastern Federal University, rector’s adviser, Saint Petersburg’s branch of NRCT, head of a department, associate professor, Ph.D.; ermakov-it@yandex.ru
УДК 004.056
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.004
Abstract. The article examines the features of Diameter signaling networks that necessitate the development and implementation of measures to improve the security of this protocol. Key threat groups are identified, forming the basis for the corresponding models. These groups include cybersecurity threats, availability threats, integrity threats, confidentiality threats, and threats arising during network evolution. For each threat group the composition and implementation procedure are defined. The proposed threat models can serve as the basis for further development of security mechanisms for Diameter synchronization networks.
Keywords: signaling network, Diameter protocol, security threat, cybersecurity, availability, integrity, confidentiality.
For citation: Saenko, I.B. Security threat models for Diameter signaling networks / I.B. Saenko, A.V. Ermakov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 26-33. (in russian)
A chronometric method for determining the four-dimensional coordinates of a moving object using radio beacons
A.P. Plyasovskikh, JSC “NPO “Obukhov Plant”, chief designer of air traffic management systems, A.A. Novikov St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); al.plyasovskih@yandex.ru
УДК 629.056.8: 621.396
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.005
Abstract. To solve the problem of determining the four-dimensional coordinates of a moving object (ground vehicle, aircraft, etc.) using radio beacons transmitting time-stamped signals, a new “chronometric” method is proposed.
This method is based on the author’s theory of aberration of the dimensions of a moving body. The closest analogue of the chronometric method is the pseudo-rangefinding method for determining the object’s location. The presented chronometric method offers several advantages over the pseudo-rangefinding and differential-rangefinding methods, including the ability to determine aircraft coordinates when beacons transmit asynchronous signals, as well as its ease of understanding by engineers and students.
Keywords: determining the coordinates of a moving object, time transmission, synchronization of moving clocks, seudo-rangefinding method, differential-rangefinding method, chronometric method.
For citation: Plyasovskikh, A.P. A chronometric method for determining the four-dimensional coordinates of a moving object using radio beacons / A.P. Plyasovskikh // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 34-42. (in russian)
Interconnection of various mathematical models with oscillation contours parameters in linear filtration
S.A. Yasinskii, CJSC “Institute of Telecommunications”, leading specialist, associate professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); yasinsky777@mail.ru
УДК 621.391
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.006
Abstract. The article presents the results of a scientific study on the systematization and unification of various types of mathematical models based on different branches of mathematics (algebra and trigonometry) in relation to the frequency parameters of resonant oscillating circuits when implementing band-pass filters, taking into account the developments in the theories of oscillations and linear filtering. After clarifying the necessary initial data for modeling the relationships between the frequency parameters of resonant oscillating circuits, a system of expressions was developed from a variety of mathematical models based on the relationship with trigonometric functions, quadratic equations, and average values for the lower and upper frequencies of the passband of a band-pass filter.
Keywords: band-pass filter parameters, controlled bandwidth, mathematical models, trigonometric functions, average values, quadratic equations.
For citation: Yasinskii, S.A. Interconnection of various mathematical models with oscillation contours parameters in linear filtration / S.A. Yasinskii // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 43-46. (in russian)
Analysis of the principles of organization and electromagnetic compatibility of promising structured cable systems
R.V. Afanasyev, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), master’s student; whitebull2005@mail.ru
L.O. Myrova, NRCT, Scientific and technical center for satellite telecommunication systems, chief researcher, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); myrovalo@nic-t.ru
УДК 679.745.5
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.007
Abstract. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of structured cabling systems (SCS) as the foundational infrastructure of modern telecommunications. The architectural principles of SCS construction are investigated, key performance categories and classes (5e, 6) are analyzed based on ISO/IEC 11801 and TIA/EIA-568-B standards. The assessment of the technical characteristics of passive equipment is conducted. Particular attention is paid to issues of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and ensuring data transmission reliability in the context of growing speeds and traffic volumes.
Keywords: SCS, structured cabling system, category 5e, category 6, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), twisted pair, ISO/IEC 11801
For citation: Afanasyev, R.V. Analysis of the principles of organization and electromagnetic compatibility of promising structured cable systems / R.V. Afanasyev, L.O. Myrova // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 47-53. (in russian)
Algorithm for hand gesture recognition in conditions of limited computing resources
K.V. Latyshev, MIREA – Russian Technological University, Institute of Radio Electronics and Informatics, department of radio wave processes and technologies, applicant; kirilllius@gmail.com
K.A. Boykov, MIREA – Russian Technological University, Institute of Radio Electronics and Informatics, department of radio wave processes and technologies, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); boykov@mirea.ru
УДК 621.396
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.008
Abstract. The paper presents a computationally efficient algorithm for real-time hand gesture recognition using ultra-wideband radio signals. It is designed for use in mass-market, low-cost radio frequency products. The algorithm includes a two-stage process: motion detection by comparison with the background radio frequency scene and subsequent classification of the gesture by comparing the accumulated signal with reference templates from the database.
Experimental verification on a set of typical gestures has shown that the proposed algorithm, when used in the task of identifying hand gestures, allows for achieving a recognition accuracy of over 95% with an average recognition delay of no more than 100 ms.
Keywords: ultra-wideband radar, contactless gesture recognition, cross-correlation, human-machine interface, embedded systems, coherent integration
For citation: Latyshev, K.V. Algorithm for hand gesture recognition in conditions of limited computing resources / K.V. Latyshev, K.A. Boykov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 53-60. (in russian)
Interference fiber-optic demultiplexer, which implements a method of fully optical fast switching in optical networks
I.L. Vinogradova, Ufa University of Science and Technology (UUST), department of telecommunication systems, professor, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU), department of computer science and engineering cybernetics, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); vil-4@mail.ru
A.Kh. Sultanov, UUST, department of telecommunication systems, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); sultanov.ah@mail.ru
A.M. Komissarov, UUST, department of telecommunication systems, associate professor, Ph.D.; arkadiy_kom@mail.ru
P.E. Filatov, UUST, department of telecommunication systems, associate professor, Ph.D.; filatov.pe@mail.ru
E.Yu. Golovina, USPTU, department of information technologies, senior lecturer; egolovina82@mail.ru
D.M. Zaripov, USPTU, department of computing and engineering cybernetics, associate professor, Ph.D.; damir.zaripov.edu@mail.ru
УДК 621.391.6
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.009
Abstract: Due to the relevance of optical packet switching, a design of a fiber-optic interference demultiplexer based on a dual-resonator Fabry-Perot interferometer has been developed. The device provides non-relational switching of chirped optical signals. It can be used in data center networks, as well as for controlling phased array antennas in 5G/6G RoF networks. The comb structure of the output mirror and the area of the profiled mixer close to it were optimized using the HFSS software package. The simulation showed that the device provides a resolution of up to 0.0001–0.001 nm and can be multi-port (50-100 outputs).
Keywords: fiber-optic packet switching, Fabry-Perot dual-resonator interferometer, optical mixer, refractive index gradient, fractional lambda switching.
For citation: Vinogradova, I.L. Interference fiber-optic demultiplexer, which implements a method of fully optical fast switching in optical networks / I.L. Vinogradova, A.Kh. Sultanov, A.M. Komissarov et al. // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 61-72. (in russian)
Numerical simulation of field emission from a semiconductor cathode into a vacuum
V.D. Borisov, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), postgraduate; vdborisov@hse.ru
V.G. Danilov, HSE University, professor, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, professor, Dr.Sci. (Phys.-Math.); vgdanilov@hse.ru
УДК 621.382+ 621.384 + 519.63
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.010
Abstract. This paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the field emission process from a small cathode, one of the main physical processes that ensure the operation of many electronic devices, in particular, FED displays (devices based on the field emission principle), cantilevers, etc. It provides a brief overview of current research results, substantiates the relevance of the problem, and provides examples of the most likely use of the results of solving the problem. The physical foundations of the model, the assumptions under which the equations of the model are derived, and possible refinements and generalizations of this model from the point of view of real physical processes are discussed.
Keywords: numerical simulation, field emission, thermal conductivity equation, potential equation, generalized solution, explicit numerical scheme, implicit numerical scheme, Cuda.
For citation: Borisov, V.D. Numerical simulation of field emission from a semiconductor cathode into a vacuum / V.D. Borisov, V.G. Danilov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 73-84. (in russian)
Stability analysis of a linear frequency synthesizer model with a noise compensation ring
A.E. Mikenin, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), senior lecturer; a.e.mikenin@mtuci.ru
A.V. Pestryakov, MTUCI, head of the department, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); a.v.pestriakov@mtuci.ru
УДК 621.396.662
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.74.12.011
Abstract. The article discusses a phase-locked frequency (PLL) ring with an additional frequency feedback loop (FFL). The level of phase noise compensation of the PLL ring is limited by the stability of both the FFL and the entire system. The article presents an algorithm for finding the maximum loop gain coefficient (LGC). The dependences of the LGC on the time constant of the low-pass filter in the FFL for various delay time values are obtained. By obtaining the transient characteristics, the stability of the system as a whole is analyzed for the PLL ring synthesized through M-parameters with a transient process close to optimal at various values of the LGC of the FFL ring. The effect of the delay time on the noise reduction level for a system on the verge of stability is analyzed.
Keywords: stability limits, noise compensation, transient characteristics, frequency synthesizer, multi-ring structures.
For citation: Mikenin, A.E. Stability analysis of a linear frequency synthesizer model with a noise compensation ring / A.E. Mikenin, A.V. Pestryakov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025 – No. 12 – P. 85-92. (in russian)
