Items of № 11-2025
Experimental research of FPV hardware-software system for UAVs control in hybrid orbital-terrestrial networks
А.A. Berezkin, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SPbSUT), associate professor, Ph.D.; berezkin.aa@sut.ru
A.A. Chenskiy, SPbSUT, Advanced projects and developments department, engineer, postgraduate; chenskii.aa@sut.ru
R.V. Kirichek, SPbSUT, rector, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); kirichek@sut.ru
E.A. Nesterov, JSC RESHETNEV, general director, Ph.D.; office@iss-reshetnev.ru
UDC 004.7+004.738.2:004.722.45
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.001
Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicle (unmanned aircraft) first-person view (FPV) control requires transmitting video stream frames, telemetry data, and control commands between the unmanned aerial vehicle and an external pilot station. In order to ensure FPV control throughout Russia, in the Strategy of the Russian Federation telecommunication sector development, it is proposed to use a hybrid orbital-terrestrial network. The article presents the results of practical scientific research on the development of software and hardware complex for unmanned aerial vehicle first-person view control via the hybrid orbital-terrestrial networks. In the present paper, video frame delay when transmitting video stream frames with utilization of the complex are reviewed. This article presents the results of a high importance project “Development of a software and hardware complex for UAS control in hybrid orbital-terrestrial networks” of the industrial competence center “Satellite Communications”.
Keywords: video stream, information exchange channel, UAV, first person view control, neural video codec, hybrid network, HSTN, space network.
For citation: Berezkin, А.A. Experimental research of FPV hardware-software system for UAVs control in hybrid orbital-terrestrial networks / А.A. Berezkin, A.A. Chenskiy, R.V. Kirichek, E.A. Nesterov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 2-15. (in russian)
Three-tier network architecture for task offloading in 6G networks based on MEC technologies
Z.A.H. Al-Kerea, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SPbSUT), department of communication networks and data transmission, postgraduate; al-kerea.zah@sut.ru
A.S.A. Muthanna, SPbSUT, department of communication networks and data transmission, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); muthanna.asa@sut.ru
UDC 621.391
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.002
Abstract. This paper examines a hybrid three-tier network structure that leverages integrated in-network computing (INC) and multi-access edge computing (MEC) and explores its interactions with network devices (switches, routers), subscriber terminals, and the cloud. The objective of optimizing the three-tier structure is to minimize energy consumption and task execution latency. A hybrid model of this structure is proposed, allowing for an objective assessment of which computational tasks should be sent to the MEC environment for processing and which should be handled using INC.
Keywords: task offloading, in-network computing, hybridization, dynamic threshold.
For citation: Al-Kerea, Z.A.H. Three-tier network architecture for task offloading in 6G networks based on MEC technologies / Z.A.H. Al-Kerea, A.S.A. Muthanna // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 15-24. (in russian)
Criteria for assessing the level of development of the telecommunication system
V.A. Savichev, St. Petersburg branch of the M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), deputy director, Ph.D.; savichevva@nic-t.ru
K.Yu. Kolomensky, St. Petersburg branch of the NRCT, deputy director for science, Ph.D.; kolomenskiiky@nic-t.ru
A.V. Ermakov, North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, advisor to the rector, St. Petersburg branch of the NRCT, head of department, associate professor, Ph.D.; ermakov-it@yandex.ru
A.V. Fedorov, St. Petersburg branch of the NRCT, head of engineering and technical department; fedorovav@nic-t.ru
UDC 621.391, 629.783
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.003
Abstract. A set of criteria for the level of development of the telecommunication system based on holarchy is proposed. At each level of the hierarchy, regular polygons are used that characterize the general or particular properties of the telecommunication system. An example of using the proposed approach to analyze a fragment of a telecommunication system based on artificial Earth satellites is given. Directions for further research are formulated.
Keywords: telecommunication system, level of development, criterion, hierarchy level, regular polygon.
For citation: Savichev, V.A. Criteria for assessing the level of development of the telecommunication system / V.A. Savichev, K.Yu. Kolomensky, A.V. Ermakov, A.V. Fedorov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 25-29. (in russian)
Methodology for assessing the availability of wireless communication in geographical locations, linear objects, and territorial regions of the Russian Federation. Part II
S.V. Kizima, The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), director of the Center for research on big data processing systems, ITU expert, associate professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); kizimasv@nic-t.ru
S.I. Lopato, NRCT, deputy director of the Big data Research Center; lopatosi@nic-t.ru
UDC 654.01
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.004
Abstract. The article presents a methodology for assessing the availability of modern wireless communication services for consumers in geographical locations (geospatial points) of the Russian Federation, linear-extended objects, and territorial areas. The second part of the article examines the methodology for assessing the provision of wireless communications for linearly extended objects, as well as assessing the availability, accessibility, quality and rating of telecommunications infrastructure for a territorial area. The methodology is based on the characteristics of the availability, accessibility, and quality of wireless communication services. The methodology is intended for use in determining the priority of infrastructure projects implemented to eliminate digital inequality in the field of wireless communication services and to assess the effectiveness of these projects.
Keywords: wireless communication, telecommunications infrastructure, availability of wireless communication services, infrastructure project, availability, accessibility, and quality of wireless communication services.
For citation: Kizima, S.V. Methodology for assessing the availability of wireless communication in geographical locations, linear objects, and territorial regions of the Russian Federation. Part II / S.V. Kizima, S.I. Lopato // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 30-36. (in russian)
A method for determining the consumption of horizontal cable in structured cabling systems
A.B. Semenov, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); andre52.55@mail.ru
UDC 654.152
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.005
Abstract. A method for calculating horizontal cable consumption as a key component of the physical layer of office information systems is considered. The method is based on taking into account typical statistical patterns both in terms of the location of access points to user information and office space. A comparison was made with a well-known statistical method in terms of estimating the expected error in determining the flow rate. The scope of the method is justified: conducting an express assessment of the parameters of a structured wiring project in office buildings in the process of forming proposals and preliminary design.
Keywords: structured cabling system, horizontal cable, cable routing, topological model, Gram-Charlier series.
For citation: Semenov, A.B. A method for determining the consumption of horizontal cable in structured cabling systems / A.B. Semenov // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 37-43. (in russian)
Selection of parameters for the timescale synchronization algorithm in TSN networks with a given transmission rate
N.L. Storozhuk, JSC KOMETEKH, general director, Ph.D.; snl@kometeh.ru
UDC 621.395.44
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.006
Abstract. The article discusses the optimization of internal clock synchronization algorithms for equipment in networks using TSN technology, where the traffic transmission rate is limited, and the end PTP node performs the functions of a grandmaster for the forwarding node corresponding to the boundary clock. The results of simulation modeling of synchronization of a forwarding node in the AnyLogic environment are described using the bisection method, taking into account the normal and exponential distribution laws of transmission delays under various parameters.
Keywords: TSN, PTP, gPTP, SyncE, PRTC, GNSS, timescale, bisection method.
For citation: Storozhuk, N.L. Selection of parameters for the timescale synchronization algorithm in TSN networks with a given transmission rate / N.L. Storozhuk // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 43-50. (in russian)
Particular tasks of modeling and optimizing elements of a unified system of frequency-time support
I.A. Saitov, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, lead engineer, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); soul1308@yandex.ru
Yu.B. Mironov, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, lead researcher, Ph.D.; ymironov@jscc.ru
S.I. Saitov, MTUCI, senior researcher; Ph.D.; sami.stv@mail.ru
E.A. Terekhina, SBPEI “1 MEC”, Chairman of SCC “Mathematics”; teea@artcollege.ru
UDC 004.722; 531.761
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.007
Abstract. This article proposes an original approach to modeling the elements of a unified frequency-time support system and optimizing its functional characteristics, including under the conditions of using alternative sources and fiber-optic transmission lines. K is selected for the delivery (distribution) of reference time and frequency signals in the form of a scientifically validated set of minimum spanning trees. The Kruskal (Prima) algorithm and the breadth-first state tree construction algorithm are used in a single optimization cycle. The potential application of the developed toolkit for designing a unified frequency-time support system.
Keywords: unified system of frequency-time support, reference time and frequency signals, minimum spanning tree, breadth-first search algorithm, Kruskal’s algorithm, Prim’s algorithm, state tree.
For citation: Saitov, I.A. Particular tasks of modeling and optimizing elements of a unified system of frequency-time support / I.A. Saitov, Yu.B. Mironov, S.I. Saitov, E.A. Terekhina // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 51-58. (in russian)
Prospects for using optical feeder lines for satellite relay systems in high orbits
A.V. Fedenev, The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), Scientific and technical center for satellite telecommunication systems, senior research scientist, Dr.Sci.(Phys.-Math.); fedenevav@nic-t.ru
G.A. Shmakov, NRCT, Scientific and technical center for satellite telecommunication systems, deputy head of department; shmakovga@nic-t.ru
I.N. Panteleimonov, NRCT, Scientific and technical center for satellite telecommunication systems, head of laboratory; panteleimonovin@niс-t.ru
L.O. Myrova, NRCT, Scientific and technical center for satellite telecommunication systems, chief researcher, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); myrovalo@nic-t.ru
N.D. Danilov, NRCT, Scientific and technical center for satellite telecommunication systems, senior research scientist, Ph.D.; danilovnd@nic-t.ru
V.V. Filatov, NRCT, Scientific and technical center for satellite telecommunication systems, leading engineer; filatovvv@nic-t.ru
UDC 621.391.6
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.008
Abstract. The article analyzes the possibilities of using optical feeder lines for data relay satellites (DRS) in highly elliptical orbit (HEO) in Russia. The parameters of laser terminals for high-speed inter-satellite laser communication between two repeater spacecraft located on conjugate orbits of HEO are determined. The possibility of selecting the location of ground stations (GS) along the southern border of Russia is shown to achieve an average annual communication availability of 0.98 with a minimum average monthly availability of 0.97. Estimates of the influence of the point-ahead angle on losses in the optical communication link between the GS and the HEO-based DRS are given.
Keywords: spacecraft, relay spacecraft, earth stations for receiving and processing information, wireless optical communication line.
For citation: Fedenev, A.V. Prospects for using optical feeder lines for satellite relay systems in high orbits / A.V. Fedenev, G.S. Shmakov, I.N. Panteleimonov et al. // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 59-67. (in russian)
OFDM technology in modern communication and data transmission systems. The role and place of synchronization
K.Yu. Ryumshin, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); e86420@yandex.ru
T.P. Kiseleva, MTUCI, postgraduate; golzev2011@yandex.ru
I.L. Gololobov, MTUCI, associate professor, Ph.D.; i.l.gololobov@mtuci.ru
V.V. Butenko, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); v.v.butenko@mtuci.ru
UDC 621.391
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.009
Abstract. The article provides an analysis of multiple access technologies and their combinations with an emphasis on the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol construction technology, which is popular in communication and data transmission systems. The possibility and expediency of using the features of the construction of OFDM symbols is substantiated, i.e., adding a protective interval by transferring the elements of the end of the symbol to its beginning in order to increase the stability of OFDM symbols to intersymbol interference. The cyclical repetition of the guard interval, also called the cyclic prefix OFDM symbols, allows this feature to be used for correlation synchronization methods in the time domain.
Keywords: OFDM, communication and data transmission systems, cyclic prefix, communication channel, synchronization, fading.
For citation: Ryumshin, K.Yu. OFDM technology in modern communication and data transmission systems. The role and place of synchronization / K.Yu. Ryumshin, T.P. Kiseleva, I.L. Gololobov, V.V. Butenko // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 68-76. (in russian)
Extended Kalman filter, method of moments, and interference-resistant reception of M-QAM signal
S.A. Zharkikh, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), postgraduate; zharkih-sergey@mail.ru
N.E. Poborchaya, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); n.poborchaya@mail.ru
UDC 621.391
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.010
Abstract. This paper introduces the results of interference immunity analysis for M-QAM signal reception under additive white Gaussian noise and lognormal structural interference. Detection is performed by a quasi-coherent method with estimation of unknown signal parameters. Two estimation algorithms are studied and compared: a modified method of moments with regularization and an extended Kalman filter. Error probability curves are obtained for 4-, 16-, 64-, and 256-QAM signals at different signal, noise, and interference power ratios. The results justify algorithm selection depending on the modulation order and impulsive interference intensity for designing robust communication systems.
Keywords: nonlinear filtering, method of moments, modified least squares method, Taylor approximation, M-QAM signal, parameter estimation, signal detection.
For citation: Zharkikh, S.A. Extended Kalman filter, method of moments, and interference-resistant reception of M-QAM signal / S.A. Zharkikh, N.E. Poborchaya // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 77-84. (in russian)
Measurement of phase wavefront aberrations of laser radiation transferring in artificially generated atmospheric turbulence
V.V. Toporovsky, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, engineer; toporovskii_v@mail.ru
UDC 621.391.63
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2025.73.11.011
Abstract. The article presents an optical system based on the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for measuring phase wavefront aberrations of the laser radiation during its propagation through artificially generated turbulence using a fan heater. Based on the obtai ned Hartmannograms, the distribution of the Zernike polynomials in the first 24 terms is investigated in terms of the bandwidth of each polynomial and its spectral energy. It is shown that the resulting phase fluctuations are identical in nature to those inherent in atmospheric turbulence of the Kolmogorov type.
Keywords: adaptive optics, wavefront sensor, Zernike polynomials, atmospheric turbulence, discrete transform Fourier.
For citation: Toporovsky, V.V. Measurement of phase wavefront aberrations of laser radiation transferring in artificially generated atmosp heric turbulence / V.V. Toporovsky // Electrosvyaz. – 2025. – No. 11. – P. 85-93. (in russian)
