Items of № 1-2026
The impact of unintentional electromagnetic interference on quantum cryptographic communication systems
E.Y. Bushuev, Moscow Technical University of Communication and Informatics (MTUCI), senior lecturer; eb@radiotest-mtuci.ru
S.E. Grychkin, MTUCI, associate professor, Ph.D.; sg@radiotest-mtuci.ru
E.P. Stroganova, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); es@radiotest-mtuci.ru
UDC 621.391.63: 681.7.069.24
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.001
Abstract. The impact of unintentional electromagnetic interference on quantum cryptographic system equipment is examined. A test methodology is proposed, and the results of an experimental study of the impact of electromagnetic interference are discussed. System performance monitoring is based on tracking both key quantum channel parameters and those of a classical open telecommunications channel, which determine the performance of the overall communication system. The need to develop a specialized national standard in the field of electromagnetic compatibility is emphasized.
Keywords: quantum key distribution, quantum cryptographic system, electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic interference, testing.
For citation: Bushuev, E.Y. The impact of unintentional electromagnetic interference on quantum cryptographic communication systems / E.Y. Bushuev, S.E. Grychkin, E.P. Stroganova // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 2-10. (in russian)
Increasing the efficiency and immunity of monopulse radar stations
A.V. Pestriakov, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), department of radio equipment and circuitry, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); a.v.pestriakov@mtuci.ru
E.V. Ukhanov, MTUCI, department of radio equipment and circuitry, associate professor; e.v.ukhanov@mtuci.ru
UDC 621.396.96
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.002
Abstract. This work proposes an optimal algorithm for estimating a random variable, which is the lag time reflected from the air target of the signal, based on calculating the maximum of its posterior probability distribution density. This algorithm will increase the efficiency of monopulse radars by reducing the time for gaining the necessary accuracy to switch from detection mode to target tracking mode. Its implementation will also increase the noise immunity of monopulse radars to the effects of unintentional and intentional broadband interference in the form of white Gaussian noise.
Keywords: monopulse radar, range measurement accuracy, posterior distribution of a random variable, the probability of a correct measurement.
For citation: Pestriakov, A.V. Increasing the efficiency and immunity of monopulse radar stations / A.V. Pestriakov, E.V. Ukhanov // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 11-17. (in russian)
Construction of a profile of the functioning of complex technical systems
O.A. Ostroumov, Military Academy of Communications named after S.M. Budyonny, lecturer, Ph.D.; oleg-26stav@mail.ru
UDC 621.39+004.05
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.003
Abstract. The complexity of modern technical systems, such as communications, control, monitoring, and other systems, increases every year. As systems’ capabilities increase, their importance grows, necessitating the need to ensure their stable operation. This paper proposes an approach to formalizing a communications system in the form of an operational profile. The system is represented by hierarchically linked, coordinated group and individual operational profiles. These profiles are based on the tasks, functions, and goals performed by the system components; the requirements placed on it and its components; and the resources that enable the communication system to achieve its intended purpose within a limited timeframe. A communications system operational profile can be used in control, monitoring, and management systems to ensure their stable operation, as well as in the design and construction of such systems.
Keywords: system profile, complex technical system, sustainability, reliability, functional sustainability, criticality.
For citation:Ostroumov, O.A.Construction of a profile of the functioning of complex technical systems / O.A. Ostroumov // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 18-26. (in russian)
Analysis of MVNO functionality and models in B5G networks
B.S. Goldstein, R&D Center Protei, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); bgold@niits.ru
S.M. Eliseev, R&D Center Protei, research fellow, postgraduate; eliseev_s@protei.ru
UDC 654.153
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.004
Abstract. This paper analyzes the functionality and mathematical models of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) in 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) communication networks. Particular attention is given to probabilistic–temporal performance metrics and the optimization of MVNO–MNO interaction under multi-operator conditions. The interaction is modeled through an extended Stackelberg oligopoly framework that reflects leader–follower dynamics between Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and MVNOs. While in 4G networks MVNOs were primarily limited to service repackaging, in 5G they began to integrate into service orchestration and SLA management. Toward 6G, MVNOs are expected to evolve into digital integrators, orchestrators, and SLA brokers, capable of dynamically composing telecom services based on globally distributed virtual infrastructures.
Keywords: 5G and B5G, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO), Service Level Agreement (SLA), Mobile Network Operator (MNO), Mobile Virtual Network Enabler (MVNE), Quality of Service (QoS), Stackelberg game model.
For citation: Goldstein, B.S. Analysis of MVNO functionality and models in B5G networks / B.S. Goldstein, S.M. Eliseev // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 27-33. (in russian)
Ensuring security of confidential information transmission in a corporate local network using generative artificial intelligence
D.O. Myrov, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), undergraduate; myrov.dima2016@yandex.ru
V.P. Volchkov, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); volchkovvalery@mail.ru
A.A. Kuzin, MTUCI, senior lecturer; a.a.kuzin@mtuci.ru
UDC 005.922.1
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.005
Abstract. The article is devoted to the development and implementation of a local intelligent assistant based on RAG architecture for automating work with corporate documentation. The problem of «hallucinations» of large language models and methods for solving it through integration with a closed enterprise knowledge base are considered. The choice of technology stack (FastAPI, Streamlit, ChromaDB vector database) and specialized models for processing the Russian language (Saiga/Llama-3, ru-en-RoSBERTa) is substantiated. The software implementation process for a system operating in a closed circuit without transmitting data to external servers is described in detail, ensuring compliance with information security requirements.
Keywords: RAG, large language models (LLM), natural language processing (NLP), corporate search, information security, local neural networks, vector search.
For citation: Myrov, D.O. Ensuring security of confidential information transmission in a corporate local network using generative artificial intelligence / D.O. Myrov, V.P. Volchkov, A.A. Kuzin // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 34-46. (in russian)
Project for the development of regional SDR multiplexer formatters using artificial intelligence
V.L. Karyakin, Volga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); vl@karyakin.ru
UDC 621.391
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.006
Abstract. A step-by-step algorithm for the practical solution of an optimization problem in the development of multiplexer formatters is considered. The algorithm includes data collection, graph representation, training of Graph Neural Networks (GNN), and integration into GNU Radio. The algorithm involves using a feedback channel to collect the Bit Error Ratio (BER) and iterative optimization, protected by Russian patents. The project enables the creation of a self-tuning Software-Defined Radio (SDR) broadcasting system that automatically adapts to the conditions of each of the 89 regions of Russia, achieving target quality indicators and spectrum usage efficiency. A practical solution to the problem of developing multiplexer formatters is presented in the form of an algorithm for creating an optimizer block and an algorithm for its operation cycle. Recommendations for the practical implementation of a multiplexor formatter using GNN have been developed. In accordance with the project requirements, the technical characteristics of the workstation for GNN training have been selected. It is emphasized that the ultimate goal of the project is to ensure the competitive advantages of regional television and radio broadcasting networks in the Russian and global markets.
Keywords: multiplexer formatter, digital video signal processing, BER feedback channel, SDR transmitter, terrestrial SDR broadcasting, artificial neural network GNN, deep learning, loss function, DVB-T2 standard.
For citation: Karyakin, V.L. Project for the development of regional SDR multiplexer formatters using artificial intelligence / V.L. Karyakin // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 47-53. (in russian)
Spectrally efficient multi-window Hartley signal bases with orthogonal time-frequency multiplexing
V.P. Volchkov, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUSI), professor of the department of general theory of communications, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); volchkovvalery@mail.ru
UDC 621.391
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.007
Abstract. The article is devoted to the development of new approaches to the construction of spectral-efficient methods for transmitting information. An invariant operator method for the synthesis and orthogonalization of special well-localized Hartley signal bases with time-frequency multiplexing is proposed, as well as the corresponding tools — a new spectral apparatus in the form of the orthogonal Hartley-Zack transform. It is shown that this transformation is consistent with a group of frequency-time shifts, has an efficient computational implementation, and is of independent practical interest. The advantage of the Hartley basis is also its real nature and automatic rotation of signal constellations at an angle of π/4, which allows equally efficient processing of digital signals in the case of one-dimensional and two-dimensional constellations in fading channels.
Keywords: spectrally efficient method, Hartley-Gabor signal basis, Hartley-Zak transform, multi-window Hartley transform, invariant signal basis, invariant operator orthogonalization method.
For citation: Volchkov, V.P. Spectrally efficient multi-window Hartley signal bases with orthogonal time-frequency multiplexing / V.P. Volchkov // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 54-64. (in russian)
Analysis of heuristic clustering algorithms taking into account channel robustness in MIMO-NOMA systems
I.V. Grishin, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SPbSUT), department of communication networks and data transmission, associate professor, Ph.D.; grishin.iv@sut.ru
G.A. Fokin, SPbSUT, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); fokin.ga@sut.ru
A.A. Kalinkina, OOO «Gazprom transgaz Ukhta», communications department, communications electromechanician; kalina110694@gmail.com
A.M. Sinilnikov, St. Petersburg branch of the M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), Scientific and technical center for satellite communication systems, radio monitoring and broadcasting, chief engineer, Ph.D.; sinilam01@gmail.com
UDC 621.396.4
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.008
Abstract. This paper addresses user clustering in MIMO-NOMA systems under imperfect channel state information (CSI) and hybrid antenna architecture constraints at the base station. A probabilistic CSI error model and a robust decoding quality metric based on δ-quantiles of the SINR distribution are proposed. A robust joint formulation of user clustering, precoding, and power allocation is developed, accounting for SIC and QoS requirements. A comparative analysis of heuristic algorithms is performed in terms of computational complexity, energy efficiency, and applicability to 5G scenarios. Simulations in the FR2 band demonstrate that incorporating CSI error statistics reduces decoding failure probability with only a moderate loss in spectral efficiency.
Keywords: MIMO-NOMA, clustering, robustness, CSI, SIC, heuristic algorithms.
For citation: Grishin, I.V.Analysis of heuristic clustering algorithms taking into account channel robustness in MIMONOMA systems / I.V. Grishin, G.A. Fokin, A.A. Kalinkina, A.M. Sinilnikov // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 65-79. (in russian)
Assessment of representativeness of electromagnetic compatibility calculation results when using statistical methods
O.I. Yastrebtsova, The M.I. Krivosheev National Research Centre for Telecommunication (NRCT), head of laboratory, Ph.D.; yastrebcovaoi@nic-t.ru
UDC 621.391
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.009
Abstract. When solving EMC problems using statistical methods, such as the Monte Carlo method, the probability distribution function is often identified; however, this distribution function is empirical and differs from the “true” distribution function. Therefore, questions arise regarding the representativeness of the empirical distribution function. The aim of this article was to assess variations of the empirical distribution function compared with the “true” one and to formulate recommendations to improve calculation results. Based on the conducted analysis, recommendations were formulated on the following two issues: determination of the required number of iterations and decision on whether the protection criterion is exceeded if the curve of the empirical distribution function passes near the protection criterion.
Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, interference, Monte-Carlo method, probability distribution function, protection criteria.
For citation:Yastrebtsova, O.I. Assessment of representativeness of electromagnetic compatibility calculation results when using statistical methods / O.I. Yastrebtsova // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 80-87. (in russian)
Analytical and numerical method for estimating nonlinear parameters of a power amplifier based on a discrete transfer characteristic
A.P. Zhuravlev, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), deputy head of NIO-48; e86420@yandex.ru
K.Yu. Ryumshin, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); e86420@yandex.ru
D.S. Chirov, MTUCI, head of department, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); d.s.chirov@mtuci.ru
F.T. Paladichuk, MTUCI, leading researcher of NIO-48; e86420@yandex.ru
V.V. Butenko, MTUCI, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); v.v.butenko@mtuci.ru
UDC 621.376, 621.396.61
DOI: 10.34832/ELSV.2026.75.1.010
Abstract. The article presents a method for quantifying the nonlinear and intermodulation parameters of a power amplifier based on its transfer characteristic, given in tabular (discrete) form. An algorithm is proposed for approximating the characteristic by a power series up to the third order, followed by calculating the coefficients of nonlinear distortions (hereinafter referred to as NDI) of the second and third orders, intercept points IIP3 (input)/OIP3 (output), as well as the coefficient of intermodulation distortion IM3. Numerical examples are obtained, and the effectiveness of the approach is analyzed. The method is applicable in the design and analysis of radio frequency amplification paths and avoids the need for spectral measurements.
Keywords: power amplifier, nonlinearity, polynomial approximation, coefficient of nonlinear distortion, IM3, IIP3, OIP3, transfer characteristic, radio frequency path.
For citation: Zhuravlev, A.P. Analytical and numerical method for estimating nonlinear parameters of a power amplifier based on a discrete transfer characteristic / A.P. Zhuravlev, K.Yu. Ryumshin, D.S. Chirov et al. // Electrosvyaz. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 88-96. (in russian)
